Biomassa e macronutrientes de uma Floresta Estacional Decidual em Itaara-RS, Brasil

Abstract

Este trabalho foi realizado no Município de Itaara-RS, Brasil, em uma Floresta Estacional Decidual secundária. Teve como objetivo quantificar os nutrientes na biomassa acima do solo, de essências florestais. Foram abatidas 20 árvores, distribuídas em cinco classes de diâmetros (3,2-13,5 cm; 13,6-23,9 cm; 24,0-33,6 cm; 33,7-44,6 cm; e 44,7-55,0 cm). A parte aérea foi fracionada em madeira do fuste, casca do fuste, galhos e folhas. Nas amostras da biomassa foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. O estoque de nutrientes na biomassa de cada componente foi obtido com base na biomassa seca estimada, multiplicada pelo teor de nutrientes. O rendimento total de biomassa foi estimado em 210,0 Mg ha-1. Para esse rendimento, as contribuições percentuais dos galhos, madeira do fuste, casca do fuste e folhas foram de 48,8; 43,3; 5,4; e 2,4, respectivamente. As folhas foram o componente com os maiores teores de N, P, K, Mg e S, enquanto no componente casca se observou o maior teor de Ca. A madeira do fuste foi o componente que apresentou os menores teores de nutrientes em sua biomassa. De modo geral, o Ca, N e o K foram os nutrientes com maiores estoques na biomassa acima do solo. Nos galhos, devido à maior biomassa, foram verificados os maiores estoques de nutrientes, seguidos pela madeira do fuste.

The present study was conducted in a fragment of a seasonal deciduous forest in Itaara-RS, Brazil. The objective of this work was to quantify the nutrient in above ground biomass of forestry species. For the above ground biomass evaluation, 20 trees were cut down according to five different diameter classes (3,2-13,5 cm; 13,6-23,9 cm; 24,0-33,6 cm; 33,7-44,6 cm; 44,7-55,0 cm). The above ground biomass was separated in the compartment trunk wood, trunk bark, branches and leaves. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the biomass samples were determined. The stock of nutrients in the biomass for each component was obtained based on the estimated dry biomass, multiplied by the nutrient content. The total production of above ground biomass was estimated at 210.0 Mg ha-1. The branches, trunk wood, trunk bark and leaves corresponded to 48.8, 43.3, 5.4 and 2.4% of the above ground biomass. The largest contents of N, P, K, Mg and S were verified in leaves; while greatest Ca content was found in trunk bark. The trunk wood was the component that showed the lowest concentration of nutrients in its biomass. In general, Ca, N and K are the nutrients with the largest stock in the above ground biomass. The largest stocks of nutrients are present in branches, which is mainly due to the great biomass, followed by trunk wood.