Integração de técnicas de geoprocessamento e levantamento participativo de informações sócio-ambientais : um subsídio para a reforma agrária

Abstract

The work developed was built upon the following three basic steps: the first one related to the social, economic and cultural aspects of the settled people, to recover their origins, their dreams and intentions regarding the land. The second one related to data survey and environment analysis; and the third and last step integrates data and social, economic and cultural information with the environment to generate a pre-project of parcelling equivalently productive plots. The social, economic and cultural aspects, survied by means of questionnaires and interviews, showed that the majority of the settled people (94%) came from the Quebra Anzol microregion, from these, 88% were from the rural area. These data reinforce the fall of the mith of lack of familiarity with the hoe. The liking for farm working, the disemployment and the lack of land to work on were the main reasons for the settled people of Quebra Anzol to join the struggle for land movement. The research also showed that the delay to parcel out the land and the lack of rural credit are the greatest problems for the settlements. In relation to the intentions of land use, the main ones are agriculture, specially the cultivation of maize, beans, rice, coffee and fruit. Yet the hopes regarding the land are the possibility of a better life and helps for children’s study. The survey and mapping of limitant environmental factors to agricultural soil use of the Quebra Anzol PA, used, as main data source, the field survey and the Landsat TM-7 data, which presented a good performance and quality in the classification process. The mapping of environmental factors showed that 96.74% of the area designed for the direct soil use have a strong fertility deficiency, which constitutes a restraint factor for use in the level A management, which is dependent on the natural soil fertility. The use of money and technology, anticipated for levels B and C managements, allows for the soil fertility improvement, increasing from 18.06 to 617.71 ha the area to used for crops. Nevertheless, the research points out the lack of capital for investiments as a factor which hinders the decrease of the limitation degree imposed by the deficiency in soil fertility. The existing soil fertility conditions and the lack of capital are a risk to the survival and permanence of the settled people in the Quebra Anzol PA, thus being a sound reason for a favourable credit policy and an effective establishement of actions for technical assistance to enable the survival, the permanence and the development of the settled people on the area. The collective representation, the space ordination, and the mapping of the areas’s natural resources allowed the settled people to give their opinion, to suggest, to disagree, to agree, and, most of all, to know the steps of the process, promoting the satisfaction and the acceptance of the pre-project by the majority of the settled people. The integration of data and information supplied by the geographic information system allowed that, along the research, data and information given by the settled people could be aggregated to the process, adding practicality and eliminating the subjectivity in the elaboration of basic maps. The pre-project worked out together with the settled people was delivered to the INCRA, being approved and established.