Logística operacional da colheita florestal no sul da Bahia

Abstract

This work aimed to evaluate the physical and anatomical characteristics of bamboo "in natura", analysing the effects of thermal treatment on the technological properties of glued laminated bamboo thermo-modified (GLBT) and in your natural durability. A total of four culms were collected in age adulthood and cut every to Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa realizar uma análise da logística operacional das atividades de colheita florestal em plantios de eucalipto no sul da Bahia. O estudo avaliou-se os três módulos de colheita florestal e os três turnos de trabalho de uma empresa florestal através de banco de dados. As máquinas utilizadas foram dois modelos de harvester, e dois modelos de forwarder. De acordo com os resultados da análise dos tempos operacionais, as atividades que maior representou os tempos operacionais foram parada para refeição (média de 69,41% dos tempos acessórios), abastecimento com diesel (média de 41,77% dos tempos auxiliares), aguardando peças e insumos para harvester (média de 34,18% dos tempos improdutivos), falta de frente de serviço para o forwarder (média de 41,83% dos tempos improdutivos) e manutenções referentes à maquina base (média de 68,83% do tempos de manutenção). Em relação aos módulos, o módulo 3 foi o que apresentou o pior resultado com tempos produtivos (média de 61,12% dos tempos operacionais). O primeiro turno foi o que apresentou pior resultado de operação para ambas as máquinas (média de 60,02% para harvester e 56,65% para o forwarder). Em relação ao aumento de produtividades das máquinas, foi possível com a eliminação dos tempos improdutivos, aumentar a produção do harvester e do forwarder, além de reduzir no custo final da madeira. Verificou-se que existe uma ineficiência na utilização do potencial de carga do forwarder. Desse modo, aumentando a caixa de carga até atingir o limite de peso recomendado pela máquina pode-se elevar sua produtividade. E pela análise de produtividade do forwarder em relação às distâncias média de extração, conluiu-se que até 200 metros de extração não existe diferença significativa de produtivadade.

The objective of this conduct an analysis of the operational logistics activities of forest harvesting in eucalyptus plantations, determining the distribution of operating times, productivity, operational efficiency and availability of mechanical machines of forest harvesting, as well as providing increased productivity of operations, through reduction of unproductive time and propose a reduction in the costs of the activities of forest harvesting. The study was conducted in a company located in the extreme south of Bahia, evaluating the three modules of forest harvesting and the three work shifts. The machines used were two models of harvester and two models of forwarder. Reasearch data were obtained from the database of the company, for field collection and simulation of operating costs obtained in literature. Data collection was performed with use of a time study, characterized by the method of continuous tenses and multimomento. According to the results obtained in the study, one can conclude that the forwarder showed better performance indicators of availability mechanical and productivity in relation to Harvester, and the D model showed the best result among the two types of forwarder analyzed ( average operating cycle of 14 minutes and 37 seconds), among the Harvester Model A showed better yield (average of 30 seconds per tree). In the analysis of operational times, activities that represented the largest operating times were stopped for meals (average 69.41% of the times accessories), supply with diesel (average of 41.77% of the time auxiliary), waiting for parts and supplies for harvester (average 34.18% of unproductive time) and lack of front of service for the forwarder (average 41.83% of unproductive time) and maintenance regarding of base machine (average of 68.83% of the maintenance times) . Regarding modules, Module 3 showed the worst results with productive times (average of 61.12% of operating time). The first work shifts showed the worst results of operation for both machines (average of 60.02% to harvester and 56.65% for forwarder). Regarding the increase of productivity of the machines, it was possible by the elimination of unproductive, increase production of the harvester 11% and 24% for forwarder and also reduce about 5% in the cost of the wood for harvester and 10% of the final cost for forwarder. It has been found that there is an inefficient use of the potential of the forwarder load, thereby increasing the load box up to the weight limit recommended by the machine can increase the productivity of the machine by 54.7% in forest stands of low volume. And the analysis of productivity of the forwarder regarding distance mean extraction, conclude that up to 200 meters there is no significant difference extraction of productivity.