Indicadores para a avaliação do manejo florestal sustentável: a Amazônia brasileira no cenário mundial

Abstract

The Green Economy is based on productive and services provision chains contribution to Sustainable Development. To demonstrate such commitment, forest sector al. over the world is searching to elaborate Criteria & Indicators – C&I of SFM monitoring. It is necessary to evaluate forest enterprise behavior compliance with those C&I as well as the practice contribution to overal. sustainable development at Brazilian Amazon region. This work approaches the C&I for SFM monitoring at Brazilian Amazon, as foreseen at the Forest Code, including enterprise behavior and overal. contribution to regional sustainable development. For this work 3 principles of SFM were selected together with 2 indicators for each: Environmental – environmental considerations and cultivated biodiversity; Social - forest policies and legal instrument; Economical – socioeconomic aspects and international aspects. These criteria were evaluated considering four indicators: history, objectives, actual status and problems. The analysis of 20 tropical countries portrayed the following classification on SFM advance: Brazil (68 %); India (67 %); Malaysia (63 %); Gabon (60 %); Congo (58 %); Myanmar (55 %), Thailand (51 %), Ivory Coast (49 %); Cameroon (46 %); Nigeria (42 %), Ghana (42 %); DRC (42 %); Colombia (41 %); Venezuela (39 %), Indonesia (36 %); PNG (34 %); Peru (31 %); Bolivia (31 %); Ecuador (30 %); Philippines (24 %). The main problem at al. studied tropical countries is the lack of infrastructure which determines a large number of infectious diseases among the population. At the Brazilian Amazon the compliance level reached 50% (7th place). At Brazilian Amazon, the forest policy and legal instruments inputs limits to social and economical inclusion within the activity, mainly due to the use of a single silvicultural practice – selective cutting with natural regeneration, which should not be confused with SFM. Institutions need capacity building looking into enforcing a decentralized decision making process. Forest concession with the model used in Brazil facilitate public agents corruption, drive social and economical exclusion by concentrating large areas into the hands of a few selected companies, and initiate a cycle of forest degradation which ends by deforestation. The conclusion is for the feasibility of the used methodology to evaluate the advance of SFM implementation, al.owing a measurement of regional policy effectiveness. It is suggested that these C&I of SFM at country level become part of the Brazilian Forest Code, with their inclusion at art 15th within the following paragraph: “Only Paragraph: The behavior of technical plans of conduction and management regulated will be evaluated according with their contribution for regional sustainable development, towards regional level C&I comparable with those used at other countries in the world, to be regulated within the period of one year”.