Morfologia da flor, do fruto e da plântula; ontôgenese e germinação da semente de Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichl.) Engl.

Abstract

Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichl.) Engl. (Sapotaceae) is a type of economical, landscape and ecological importance. Basic information about the biology and forestry of this species are still incipient and they need confirmation. Therefore, with this work we intended to contribute for the understanding of phenologyc aspects, morphology of the flower, fruit, seed, germinative process and plantule, besides the ontogenesis and germination of the seeds. The study was accomplished from September,2004 to November,2005 on field, in the Municipal district of Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul State, and in laboratory conditions, of Forest Seeds and of Structural Botany at Federal University of Paraná.. The obtained data don't differ basically of the general description given by other authors, however, in this study the bloom period was observed, which happens from September to December, and the fructification from May to November in the area of High Medium Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul state. There is a variation in the number of seeds per fruit and size of the fruit and seeds, and the seed has oval shape, with oily endosperm, above ground plant germination and a kind of fanerocotiledonal plantules. Anatomically, the study detaches two new information about the species, where the seed is formed by a single embryo with a kind of Cariofilaceo development, and in the hilar area the parenquimatic fabric sclerose itself totally, diverging from other authors that described the embryo with a kind of Chenopodiaceo development and hilar parenquimatic area for the family. And about the germinatives characteristics it was observed that there is no presence of tegumentar numbness in the seed, which, maybe it is recalcitrant, besides having slow and disuniform germination. The data obtained allow practical application in germination tests, production of seedlings, studies of natural regeneration, taxonomic works, ecological, of handling, conservation and phylogenetic.