Resíduos da indústria de celulose como corretivo da acidez do solo e fonte de cálcio para eucalipto

Abstract

Supplementation of Ca in eucalyptus plantations have been necessitated by the poverty of this nutrient in most soils for reforestation and the high demand for Ca by culture. Wastes from pulp industry have potential for use as sources of Ca, but need to have their behavior in soil and crop response to your application further studies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of applying a mixture of industrial waste cellulose (CCM 40:4, composed of biomass ash, dregs, grits and lime mud) on some soil chemical properties and as a source of Ca for eucalyptus and its effect on the growth of this species. A experiment was installed in Eunapolis-BA in a randomized block with nine treatments derived from a factorial combination of two sources of Ca (lime and CCM 40:4) and four doses of Ca (0, 5, 1, 2 and 3 times the need for supplemental Ca estimated by Nutricalc for a yield of 60 m3 ha-1 yr-1), plus a treatment without the application of the sources of Ca. The sources were applied in total area, without incorporation. Soil samples were collected at layers 0-10, 10-20 and 20- 40 cm depth for chemical analysis at 120 days after treatment. Around this time, samples of leaves for analysis of macro and micronutrients. One year after planting, the diameter at breast height and height were measured and stem volume with bark estimated. In soil samples were analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Na+, and the levels of available K, P, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb .Was performed analysis of variance each collection depth and the dose effects were assessed by regression analysis. The pH and Al3+, Ca2+ Mg2+ soil in three layers examined were influenced by the application of CCM 40:4 mixture, reducing in Al3+ and increase other elements analyzed. The implementation of CCM 40:4 mixture caused increased availability of P in the surface layer and cubically influenced the availability of K in the deeper layers. There was no influence of application of the sources in the levels of Na, Mn and Zn in any of the studied layers. However, sources have reduced levels of Fe available, 120 days after application. There was a quadratic response to both Cu through the application of doses of Ca as CCM 40:4. The available contents of Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb extracted by DTPA-TAE were below the detection limit of the device used. There was no influence of the doses of both sources in foliar Ca, Mg, P and Zn by four months of age, however, these levels were within the normal range for growing eucalyptus. For K linearly increased when using CCM 40:4, with no change in its nutrient content when using lime. For Fe there was a reduction in its content depending on the dose. There was no influence of the doses from both sources in plant height and volume with bark. We conclude that the mixing of wastes from pulp industry can be used as liming and as a source of Ca, the application of mixing did not increase the concentration of heavy metals available and increased small amount of Na+, and that the Ca natural soil along with the phosphate rock applied on the initial demand met by Ca eucalyptus.