Uso tradicional de “Potsotaroki” (Trichilia pallida) e a confecção de artesanato em uma Comunidade Indígena Asháninka, nas Áreas Protegidas de Vilcabamba, Peru

Abstract

In the year 2003, a system of Protected Natural Areas was formed in the Peruvian Amazon (ANP) constituted by the National Park Otishi and the Indigenous Communal Reserves of two ethnic groups, Asháninka and Matsiguenga. The beginning of this system had the purpose of conserving the diversity of flora and fauna species, as well as the conservation of the living cultural patrimony in the area of Vilcabamba Mountain. The Asháninka group was selected for this study belonging to the Preandino Arawak etnolinguistic family. The land of this group is situated in the low region of the Mountain forming the buffer zone of ANP; consequently the exploitation of resources in these areas will have direct effect on the high lands of the Mountain. As a result of ANP formation, the Indigenous Communities have now the influence of a variety of factors that generate impacts that can be considered positive or negative. The first chapter describes the participation level of the Indigenous people in the ANP management, trying to check if there is an involvement of the representative authorities of the communities. As an indicator of cultural impacts that occur in the core of the productive unit, it was used the characterization of the variations in the handcrafts from the new processes that come from the contact with the market. In the second chapter describes deeply in the techniques of exploitation and the traditional handling of the forest species, Trichilia pallida and its changes preceding the contact with multiple exogenous factors from Asháninka culture. The main characteristics of the species are presented here, from secondary data as well as information from the Camantavishi Community. This chapter also presents results from the qualitative survey with techniques of participatory observation and partially structured interviews done with 30 women and 11 men who live in the nucleus of Camantavishi Community and 13 women and 13 men of the Shima center.