Análise silvicultural através de fotografias hemisféricas de quatro espécies nativas em plantio consorciado em clareiras em regeneração em Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas

Abstract

The logging, associated with the expansion of agriculture and livestock, is a major cause of deforestation in the Amazon every year, causing the reduction of habitats for animal and plant species, increasing fragmentation and pressure on populations of commercial trees, mainly of primary ones. In this context, the rehabilitation of degraded areas is important, since it enrichs abandoned areas, accelerates ecological succession and decreases risk of exploited species extinction, so it is essential for biodiversity conservation. Thus, were selected four areas of the rural settlement land reform Cristo Rei do Uatumã in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, subject to logging, which were planted in a consortium, commercially valuable species of timber and non-timber. They are: Aniba rosaeodora Ducke, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Couma macrocarpa Barb. Rodr. e Parahancornia amapa Huber Ducke. However, it still lacks information about consortiums in the Amazon forest subjected to different treatments and knowledge of survival rates and growth responses of species subjected to different environments is essential for the recommendation and creation of a list of species for planting enrichment. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the survival and growth of the listed species after six years of planting and check if they have any relation with the luminous environment. The light environment and the forest structure areas were characterized by hemispherical canopy photographs on each individual. The soil also was evaluated for fertility and texture, since it can influence growth. There were no significant differences in fertility and soil texture among gaps, but only a small difference between clearings and control areas of mature forest. On the other hand the light environment and canopy openness differed between areas and must be differentially influencing plant growth. Some of them grew relatively faster than others in gaps, suggesting and reinforcing their heliofilia classification. Moreover, all species survived well in all gaps. In the shaded there was a slight difference between them, reinforcing the functional classification of them. C. multijuga seems to be more shade tolerant, while the most heliophile are C. macrocarpa and A. rosaeodora. Since P. amapa was highly preyed on primary forest and the planting was not conducted by the community in accordance with the suggested experimental design for the areas of clearing, had its assessment of survival canceled.It follows that species belonging to different functional groups must be planted in consortia multipath since it increases the economic value of the forest and the ecological resilience of the degraded area. So, multiple species in the same area is important for revenue generation and preservation biodiversity.