Custos energéticos e econômicos do agroecossistema milho em consórcio com pinhão-manso

Abstract

Knowledge of production and energy expenditure in agriculture is crucial due to strategic importance which occupies as a producer of energy inputs to other economic sectors, such as biodiesel produced from oilseed crops, so this study aimed to determine partial costs of deployment and conduct of corn intercropping agroecosystem with physic nut, under three different management systems (rainfed, irrigated and fertirrigated with wastewater from pig farming) in terms of energy and economic experiment carried out in accordance with the productive system of family farming in the west of Paraná. Such a study is justified due to the shortage of both energy and economic data of the culture of physic nut under Brazilian conditions, as well as in intercropping system under technological conditions of the family farm west of Paraná, and especially environmental issues involved in this study as the reuse of water and the rational use of nonrenewable energy sources. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the techniques employed by farmers in the region, from February 2008 to May 2008 for corn and from February 2008 to November 2009 for the cultivation of physic nut in Experimental Center of Agricultural Engineering (NEEA), belonging to the State University of West Paraná (UNIOESTE), campus of Cascavel/PR, in the area of no-tillage. The itinerary for all technical training systems consisted of: the site preparation (application of desiccant), mechanized planting of corn, corn plant by hand, production of seedlings of physic nut, coveamento and transplant seedlings of physic nut, mowing manual, manual application of insecticide and harvesting of maize, differing only by irrigation and fertirrigation. The final product was assessed only corn. The technical coefficients, the workload, performance, identification of the tractor, implements and equipment, their specifications and their consumption of fuel, lubricants and greases, as well as quantification of manpower used were derived from primary data and secondary. The methodology consisted of assessing the productivity, followed by the transformation of energy in physical units and monetary determination of the "Cultural Partial Efficiency," Energy Efficiency Part "," Production Costs "and" Economic Efficiency Partial "and" Balance Partial Budget. " Regarding the assessment of productivity, the treatment led to fertigation of wastewater from hog raising was the one that had the highest level of productivity, already with respect to energy balance and partial efficiencies and cultural energy partial treatment led to fertirrigation of wastewater from hog (ARS) was the one that had better rates. From the economic point of view none of the systems analyzed to the point proved to be economically viable, but one must take into consideration that the main crop, jatropha, an annual crop has not yet produced, so it was not evaluated. Therefore, we conclude that the system fertilized with ARS is the best energy performance, however, all systems evaluated economically proved unprofitable.