Análise do sistema de produção de cavacos no campo

Abstract

Field chip production it is an excellent alternative to the wood pulp segment consider the increased use of wood available for each tree processed, the gain of biomass in comparison to other conventional systems, the quality of chips produced similar to those obtained in fixed chippers and for allowing different strategies regarding factory supply and greater operational flexibility for strategic planning. For a constant field chip production it is necessary a greater knowledge of the variables that influences the productivity and operational planning, to adjust system and its components, with a consequent increase in productivity and profitability. To study the chip production system was performed a data field collection in the city of Capao Bonito, Sao Paulo, longitude 48°18'45''W and latitude 24o03'45'' undulated area, clone of Eucalyptus with 7 years of age, average volume of 0.30 m3 and spacing 3 x 2 meters, which consisted of field visits, to monitor system activities and factor analysis for interventions in the operations, determined by time study techniques. It was identified that the system for producing wood chips in the field has several factors that affect the productivity of forestry equipment and operation of the system, among them, Feller-Buncher productivity that is changed by the number of trees felled per cycle and the movement time required to perform the bunching The Clambunk Skidder due to its performance and the size of the plots is influenced by the skidding distance and the Chipper due to its operational characteristic depends on the availability of trees transferred from the Clambunk Skidder. The operational planning is extremely important to functionality and maintenance of the system productivity, being the Chipper operationally affected by the continuity of trucks for loading and the Clambunk Skidder by the travelling inside the plot due to harvesting area layout. The group delay of operational, personnel and mechanic caused impacted on productive operational equipment time, being the Feller-Buncher suffered more intensely with 16% of mechanical delay, the Clambunk Skidder 23% of operational delay and the Chipper also with 38% of operational delays. The combination of these factors affected the productive time of the activities of each equipment, directly altering the continuity of the productive activity of the system, getting 71% of productive time for felling of trees and bunching, 58% for the extraction of trees, and 56% for processing, causing great system variation. The final cost of field wood chip production it is intrinsically linked to the productive system operational and mechanical characteristics, the Chipper it is the equipment that most impact the unit cost (R$/m3) at 61%, while the Clambunk Skidder participates with 25% and the Feller-Buncher with 14%. The total production cost of the system was R$ 17.20 per cubic meter of chipper.